Acne vulgaris
- Caused by follicular pores become blocked
- Presentation
- Closed comedones are whiteheads – closed round lesions that contain a white center
- Open comedones are blackheads – exposure of sebum to causes oxidization making them appear dark
- Inflammatory acne appears red and consists of papules, pustules and nodules that arise from comedones
- Treatment
- Mild
- Topical salycylic acid
- Topical benzoyl peroxide
- Topical clindamycin
- Moderate
- Topical options above
- Oral antibiotics from the tetracycline family
- Severe
- Oral isotretinoin (vitamin A derivative)
- Highly teratogenic
- High-dose oral antibiotics from tetracycline-class
- Oral isotretinoin (vitamin A derivative)
- Mild
Impetigo
Rosacea
- Chronic inflammatory skin disease
- Epidemiology: females, fair skin, middle age
- Presentation: facial erythema, papules, pustules with NO comedones
- Cause not well understood
- Associated with increased body temperature and its associated triggers such as hot weather, spicy food
- Treatment
- Avoid behavioral triggers
- Erythema, skin sensitivity, dry skin
- Topical brimonidine (alpha adrenergic agonist)
- Topical oxymetazoline (alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist)
- Papules and pustules
- Refer to dermatologist!
- Mild
- Topical metronidazole
- Topical azelaic acid (dicarboxylic acid)
- Topical ivermectin (anti-parasitic medication)
- Topical sodium sulfacetamide (antibiotic)
- Severe
- Oral tetracycline or isotretinoin